Haiyan drone flies through Typhoon Papian
At 2:45 on July 21, at the Boao national UAV Meteorological observation and test base in Hainan, the "Haiyan" type I UAV broke through the clouds and fog to drill into the body of the fourth typhoon "Papian" this year; At 10:00, a man-machine from the Hong Kong Observatory joined the detection formation to conduct a detection scan of "Pipian". This is the first time that the China Meteorological Administration and the Hong Kong Observatory have realized the joint observation of Marine typhoons with multi-aircraft platforms and multi-sensitive areas, accurately capturing the fine structure of the outer cloud system of "Papian", and helping build the first line of defense for meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation.
After two hours of flight, at 4:45, the "Haiyan" type I UAV returned to the sea, and the captured more than 4,200 effective data were transmitted back to the meteorological big data cloud platform "Tianqing" system in real time. It is also provided to the Central Meteorological Observatory, Earth System Numerical Prediction Center of China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou Institute of Tropical Marine Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai Typhoon Research Institute of China Meteorological Administration and other units.
The "Haiyan" type I UAV accurately dropped 8 sondes at the established time and place to record the temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure and other data at different heights, and observed the three-dimensional structure of "Pibian" in a more three-dimensional manner. At the same time, the cloud radar, temperature and humidity profiler and other equipment carried for the first time can obtain the reflectivity, velocity spectrum, temperature, humidity and other information of cloud body echo passing through the typhoon body when passing through the "Pibian". These data representing the typhoon structure or the surrounding environmental field are detailed and clear, so that forecasters can clearly "see" the distribution and structure of the typhoon cloud system in real time, and grasp the development and evolution of the typhoon.
At 7:15, the Beidou navigation horizontal drift sonde encrypted observation was carried out simultaneously at four national high altitude meteorological observation stations in Qingyuan, Heyuan, Shantou and Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, and the profile observation results of atmospheric temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed and other elements in the three stages of "rising, leveling, drifting and falling" were successfully obtained.
At 10:00, the Hong Kong Observatory and the Government Flying Service conducted a drop observation in their respective airspace using a manned drop sonde.
When the typhoon center is far away from China, the meteorological satellite provides typhoon cloud image and remote sensing observation information of dynamic structure. When a typhoon approaches, weather radar, wind profile radar, and coastal near-shore weather stations provide relevant data.
The high-altitude large unmanned aerial vehicle can be equipped with the airborne drop sonde, cloud radar, temperature and humidity profiler and other remote sensing equipment to obtain the flight layer and typhoon three-dimensional vertical structure information. Zhao Peitao, director of the base office of the Meteorological Detection Center of the China Meteorological Administration, said that these "direct" observation data can help forecasters analyze the development trend of typhoons, intensity changes and structural characteristics, so as to improve the accuracy of typhoon track, intensity and wind and rain forecast, and weather satellites, weather radar together to form a comprehensive three-dimensional typhoon monitoring network.
"The joint observation and data sharing allowed us to see a more complete typhoon in a more realistic way." Zhao Peitao introduced that as early as June this year, the relevant departments of the two sides planned this joint operation in advance, breaking through the limitations of unilateral observation by airspace restrictions that can not be fully observed in a large range and in all quadrangels, making up for the lack of large-scale observation of tropical depression and even typhoon systems, and further enriching the data support for typhoon wind field and energy field research and analysis. "The UAV observations provided the fine dynamic and thermal structure of the tropical low pressure cloud system, and the data showed that the overall humidity was high and there was a high instability energy." Guangdong provincial meteorological observatory chief forecaster said.
At the same time, in the weather conference room of the National Meteorological Center, the chief forecaster is using the observation data and product analysis to evaluate the latest developments of Typhoon "Papian".
"Through the mobile observation in the South China Sea, it can be seen that the wind speed is relatively large at the lower troposphere 1 km to 2 km, with a maximum of 15 m/s." The National Meteorological Center forecast that the typhoon will move west-north at a speed of about 10 kilometers per hour, and may make landfall between Sanya and Qionghai in Hainan province from midnight to morning Tuesday.